Fissures: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What Are Fissures?

Fissures are small tears or cracks in the lining of the anus. These tears can cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements. Anal fissures are common and can affect people of all ages. Because fissures can be uncomfortable, many people seek quick relief. Understanding fissures helps you manage symptoms and find the right treatment.

Common Symptoms of Fissures

Fissures often cause clear signs. Early detection can help you get treatment sooner. Look for these symptoms:

Pain during or after passing stool

Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet

Itching or irritation around the anus

A visible crack or tear near the anus

A small lump or skin tag near the fissure

Sometimes, symptoms may seem mild at first. However, they can get worse if not treated.

Causes and Risk Factors

Many things can cause fissures. Often, they happen when you pass hard or large stools. Other causes and risk factors include:

Chronic constipation or diarrhea

Straining during bowel movements

Childbirth, especially vaginal delivery

Inflammatory bowel diseases, like Crohn’s disease

Low-fiber diet

Anal sex or injury to the anal area

For some people, repeated fissures may signal an underlying health issue. Therefore, it is important to address the root cause.

How Fissures Are Diagnosed

Doctors can usually diagnose fissures with a simple exam. During the visit, your doctor will:

Ask about your symptoms and medical history

Examine the anal area for visible tears

Sometimes, use a small tool to look inside the anus

In rare cases, further tests may be needed. For example, if symptoms do not improve or if another condition is suspected, your doctor may suggest more tests.

Treatment Options for Fissures

Treatment for fissures often starts with simple steps. Most fissures heal within a few weeks. Common treatments include:

Eating more fiber to soften stools

Drinking plenty of water

Taking warm sitz baths to soothe pain

Using over-the-counter creams or ointments

Avoiding straining during bowel movements

If these steps do not help, your doctor may suggest prescription creams. In rare cases, minor surgery may be needed. Always talk to your doctor before starting any treatment for fissures.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

Preventing fissures is possible with a few healthy habits. Try these tips to lower your risk:

Eat a high-fiber diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Drink at least 8 glasses of water daily

Exercise regularly to keep your bowels moving

Go to the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge

Avoid straining or sitting too long on the toilet

With these steps, you can help prevent fissures and improve your overall digestive health.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, fissures do not heal on their own. You should see a doctor if:

Pain or bleeding lasts more than two weeks

You notice a lump or swelling near the anus

You have repeated fissures

Symptoms are severe or getting worse

Early treatment can prevent complications. Therefore, do not wait if you are worried about your symptoms.

For personalized guidance on fissures, consult a specialist or your healthcare provider today.